![]() ![]() A questionnaire was distributed to the local building sector in order to fulfill the objectives of the study which are to identify the advantages and disadvantages of green and flat roofs that concern the construction practitioners, to analyze the barriers of the green roof development, and to provide strategies to enhance the implementation of green roof in Malaysia's construction industry. This study focuses on the perception of building industry players in the green and flat roofs development in Malaysia's high-rise building. On the other hand, flat roofs have a wide application in many countries, following the architectural evolution, the emergence of new materials, and the improvement in the performance of the existing ones. In order to make sure the construction activity can be run in line with considering the environmental health, green roofs are very relevant to Malaysia which is now experiencing rapid urbanization and loss of green areas in most of its major cities. The environmental impact of construction activities occurs from the initial work stages to the construction period, operational period, and the final demolition when a building comes to the end of its life. It consumes 4.5% less energy and will pay off in 9 years. The green roof is the most energy efficient choice for a one-storey building. The findings indicate that the most energy and cost efficient two-storey building has gable roof with finished attic. The building models with roof types such as flat roof, green roof and gable roof with finished and unfinished attics were simulated and compared in terms of their energy use. Moreover, it aimed at performing a cost analysis to compare the four roof types. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of different roof types on the energy use of residential buildings in Nur-Sultan city, Kazakhstan. This is especially true in case buildings located in countries with cold climate conditions. Among others, roofs play a critical role due to their area of coverage, direct interaction with precipitation, and a significant share of total heat transfer. The control function is particularly important in terms of energy use as poorly designed and constructed envelopes can negatively affect the overall performance of a building. The role of residential building envelope components is significant in terms of supporting a structure and transferring associated loads, providing aesthetic appearance, and controlling the flows of matters and energy. As a research implication, future studies can compare life cycle costs of these roofs, which will likely provide a broader perspective for better cost management practices. Thus, potential building owners can allocate lower project budgets by decreasing their roof costs. In conclusion, designers/constructers can manage projects more efficiently by directing their clients towards a more inexpensive option. As a result, in terms of initial investment cost, a RCFR which has similar insulation conditions with a FSWR was found to be 35.46% more inexpensive than a FSWR. Its roof plan and cross sections of above-mentioned two roofs were given, and their detailed measurements and cost estimations were made. Finally, a real-life building project was considered. Among twelve roof types, reinforced concrete flat roofs (RCFR) and free standing wooden roofs (FSWR) were determined as the most used roofs in housing projects. ![]() In this context, practical answers of the following questions were investigated briefly: (i) how different are roof types from each other, (ii) by which criteria are roofs chosen, and (iii) which roof types are selected in which buildings (such as, housing and industrial). Toward this aim, in this study, twelve types of roofs installed in construction projects in Turkey were first examined. Despite this considerable share, in the literature there have been only a few researches that investigate roof types preferred by owners/designers and make a cost analysis to reveal cost differences between alternatives. As essential elements of buildings, roofs traditionally correspond to about 3-8% of total project cost. ![]()
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